Valve for internal-combustion engines



F. Flx 2,354,988 VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed April 9, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet l .fa M

Aug. 1, 1944.

IN1/EN TOR. Nani F/ ,sr 7' Top4/5y Aug. l, 1944. F. FIX

VALVE Eon INTERNAL coMBusTIoN ENGINES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April .9, 1943 Patented Aug. 1, 1944 UNITED j STATE VLVE FOR IN TERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Frank Fix, Detroit, Mich. Application April 9, 1943, serial N0. 4s2,466 .9 claims.' (ci. 12a-1s) 'I'his invention relates to valves forinternal combustion engines of a character to be utilized with either theintake or exhaustports of the engine.

The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved valve structure of such character of construction as toV avoid corrosion or burning of the sealing face of thevalve due to'thefiow of either the combustible mixture `or'the hot exhaust gases and to-prevent an accumulation of carbon or otherforeign matter between the valve and or closing the engine port.

c the surface with whichit cooperates in 'opening i In the 4poppet type of valve ordinarily in use in internal combustion engines, the valve'has a tapered face and a tapered seat and the stem of the exhaust valve is'subje'ct to influence of the heat of the exhaust gases discharging to an exhaust conduit controlled by the valve and the` intake valve is also subject to the heat of the burning gases within the cylinder. f f.

My improved valve structure as hereinafter described avoids warping of the valve or the corrosion of the valve seat and provides a valve of such character of construction 'and` arrangement of parts as to avoid the usual troubles arising in use of valves of the poppet type as the contacting surface of the parts of vmy improved valve are atall times maintained clean and furtherprovide amore effectual sealing of the engine port.

invention are hereinafter more fully described and claimed and a valve structure embodying my invention is shown in the accompanyingdrawings 4 Fig. -3 is an elevation ypartly'in section looking at the right hand side of Fig. 1 and showing the valve operating mechanism. l y Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken through a pair of engine cylinders and showing myimproved valve structure as operated by an overhead cam shaft.

Fig. 5 is a plan view thereof. Fig. 6 is-an enlarged cross section of my im- .30.7 These and other, objects and`.features of the corro-sion and warpag'e Adue tothe excessive heat` to which the valve may be subjected in operation of the engine in that the meeting surfaces between the intake valve and the member with which it is in contact and relative to which it is movable is at all times shieldedfr'om contact with the inflowing combustible gases and the cooperating surfaces 'of the exhaust valve are free from contact by the exhaust gases discharging from thercylinderron the exhaust stroke of the piston as will be more readily vunderstood from Fig. 4 in which there is shown a pair of cylinders I and 2 shown side by side with the piston 3 of the cylinder I on the intakeiltroke and the y'piston 4 of the cylinderZ'on the compression stroke. The detachable head 5 shown provides an intake manifold having 'the passageway 6 and the head1-is ape'rtured to receive a reciprocalstubular element 'I terminating a't its lower end vwith the upper edge of the'passageway 46. The said edge 6 is spaced from the lower apertured face 8 of the manifold and said aperture has a ringv member9 of an L form in cross section and in effect provides a continuation f of the tubular elementl except for the space between the lower end'of the tubular element I and the upper end ofthe ring member 9. k

The tubularelement or sleeve I is open ended and reciprocably mounted in the vertical aperture Ia provi'ded'therefor in the head.5. The outer end oi the sleeve 'I is flanged at its upper endy and the under side of ltheflange is engaged b'y thecoiled spring I0 seatingin a recess provided head in the sleeve `I` `is not restricted.-by,air pressure. The valve I3 is the'intake. valve of the cylinproved valvestructure and the cams foroperating the same.

Fig. 7 is a series of three diagrams showing theA positions of the valve parts through one cycle of operation. Y

An internal combustion engine valve involving my improved features fofconstructionavoids many of the troubles arising in the usualfpoppet ty-pe of valve which, as aforesaid, is subject to VinA the engine .head as shown. vtends to move thesleeveloutwardly ofthe head The spr-.ing I0 andthe upper end yofthe sleeve VV`I is inwardly tapered. A head II is mounted on-astem I2 and a valve I 3 is xed to the lower endv of .the stern.l The stem I2 is reciprocable in an aperture provided in a transverse wall I4 having apertures IS'therein as shown While the head .II has apertures I6 so that reciprocation of the valve and der I. and the valve I3a an exhaust valves of the lcylinder 2 and the two valves are alike in structure and mechanical operation. l u

By means of the coiled' spring Ill'seating at its lower end on the wall I [and the upper end of the spring seating on the washer I 8" on the stem' I-2, the valvei 3 is raised tothe position f the pot providedby the ring 9,11 providean overhead cam shaft I9 having a central cam 20and cams 21| and 22 on vopposite sides o1 the cam 20 and in spaced relation therewith. y

The :cam V2U engailes the head H on the stem i2 ofthe valve vII and .serves to reciprocate the valvefwhile the cams 21| and22 serve yto reciprocate the sleeve .'l. The `caxn`-ishaft :iis :is rotated in timed relation with `the engine vcrank shaft by the commonly known mechanism (not here shown). Y

'Ihe relationship of the -camson -the cam shaft II -is shown more' clearly in Fig. =6 yin which it will be seen that the upper end of the sleeve about its central opening is tapered .as indicated at .23 to permit the cam to turn into `the open end of the sleeve and depress 'the' headv Il while the sleeve l vis depressed by the' cams 2i `and 22. The cams .are of such form that thesleeve 1 .is moved ,to vcontact at its Ilower end with the ring l and the piston `|Iissecondarily moved to the 'e position shown .at lla at the right hand side `of Fig. `4 and with thesealing ringxlb of the valve v.covering lthe interstice betweenvr the lower end lof thev sleeve. 'I and the .upper edge of the .ring la is thus not .material to this invention whether one Aor the other forms of a valve and sleeve acy tuating mechanism may be used.

It is also lto be understood that, while I have not :shown the engine exhaust valve, such exhaust valve will be approximately identical with the structural .arrangement of parts of the intake valve hereinbefore described in detail and that either an overhead cam shaft may be utilized for operation of the valve or the push rod type of Amechanism may be'utilized therefor depending upon the type of engine with which the valve is to -be utilized 4as will vbe readily understood by .and thus lsealing the intake "passageway to ther `cylinder during the compression andthe exhaust stroke of thepiston. On vcompletion of the exhaust stroke of the piston, theivalve i3 .or Ila 1S 'Permitted by its cam to move upwardly until the lower peripheral edge of the valve aligns with the lower enclv of the sleeve andthe cams by their continualv rotation and relationship 'thus permit -both the sleeve and thevalve .to lmove yas a unit tothe positionshownA at .the left side of Y Fig. 4 :and aopen vthe intake manifold to the cylinder. Y i This klatter position ofthe valve is attained Just prior to the intake .stroke-.of the .respective piston and the valve is retained in such y,position by reason of the shape of the cams.` The successive positions of the valve vI3 and sleeve l are shown in the diagrammaticfviews vgrouped as Fim?. l l

VThe foregoing description is practically. .conilned '-to the valve operating .structure shown in i "Figs 4, 5.and 6. In Figs..1,'2.an`d.3"1 have shown.

thesame valve structure fand sleeve while -:the operating `mechanism is'fof the -push rod type which includes :a cam shaft I0 to be understood asbeing operated by the engine shaft (not shown) -and konthis shaftare cams 3i and 32correspondingto the cams l20'and 22 shown linFig". 6, the cam .'II kbeing similar tothe cam 20 :in Fig. 6 andthe cam 532 ybeing similarto thecam 22 of Fig. 6. The cam n Il directly engages the push rod Sl'while the cam I2 .engages the lower end of a sleeve 3l Vin vwhich the .push yrod is encased. "The yupper end of the push rod 233 engagesa lever 35v while the sleeve fhas end ,portions 36 and '31' which :respectivelyfengage `the two levers. `and I39 connected:

together asby cross bars 40 and 4l. The levers Il and 39 have. end portions indicated Aat 'l2 in Fig. 2 which .engagethe periphery of .the sleeve 43 iwhile'the terminal endofthe lever 35 'engages the :head .of the -valve structure 44.

The functional relationship of the valve infre- `spect `to the piston .and the operationof the valve parts vto open'and close `the manifold passageway tothe cylinder are the same as and function similarly to rthe correspondingA parts -as vshown in Figs. 4 yand 6 andY thus yare believed notV to -re' `quire further description yexcept that it fis, 'to 4be noted that the lower end of the valvel operating .rod an'dcam shaft are out of position in respect to the motor `or engine shaft not here shown.

those skilled in the art.

Irrespective of the vform of valve operating valvestructure resides in the fact that corrosion of the valve seat or the fouling of the valve seat is practically eliminated in the form and arrangement ofthe valve parts herein disclosed in which the valve instead of Aactually Vseating in the manner ofthe usual poppet valve nevertheless seals or opens the port to flow of either intake or exhaust lgases by cylindrical parts in slidable contact and any dirt that would in the poppet type of valve possibly adhere to the valve face or the seat, will -be eliminated in the type of valve herein disclosed as the faceof the valve member slidable in the sleeve would tend to remove any extraneous material or lprevent accumulation thereof on the contacting surfaces of the valve and sleeve. vIn the case of an exhaust valve the slidable valve, as well :as the end of the sleeve in whichit reciprocates, is moved outwardly in respect to the port controlled thereby and only the developed within the engine cylinder.

It is :believed evident from the foregoing dey scription lthat my improved valve structure as .l hereinbefore-described*and as shown in the draw- The sleeve is slidable .in brackets 45 'and 46. It 15 ltive 4intake or exhaust passageway :the `ringlikefmember and Vto .close the lings, .providesanarrangement resulting in an improved structure of simple arrangement and relationship of vvparts well adapted for and securing Ian improvedoperation of the engine and a materiallylonger life of `the valve parts under normal conditions of use and that various alteratinns and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as-set forth in the appended claims.

Having thus fully described my invention its utility and mode of operation, what I claim and .desire to .secure `by Letters lPatent of the United States is l. A valve .mechanism for use with internal :combustion engines `having a reciprocating piston andl a head providing an inlet and manifold each .having a port opening to lilemelrf gine' cylinder, a valve .mechanism for use with veach port, .each valve mechanism comprising a sleeve reciprocable in .the engine head providing the .intake `and Vexhaust passageways, a ring like member supported in the vcasting at the head of' the engine of the lsame diameter and in ali nment with the reciproca-'ble sleeve and the respgechavin outer wall spaced from the port, a sleeve mergnbaex; aligned with the said port and movable to engage passageway Lto the portor movable in the opposite direction to opening vthe .passageway to the port a val i y means .slidable inthe cylindrical tubular member n der intak bustiorrfe moving the to positionfwithin the vring member and sealing the interstice between the ring member and the sleeve wheriinucontact and movable outwardly of the sleevl the outerface of the valve aligned with the lower end of the sleeve and thereafter movable with the sleeve to open the port to the passageway.

2. A:valve mechanism adapted for use with either the intake or the exhaust port provided in the cylinder `head of an internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust passageways opening thereto, comprising a sleeve'slidable in a way provided in the head to which the passageway opens, a ring member providing an opening between the lrespective passageway and the cylinder a valve reciprocable in the sleeve to close or open the passageway to the cylinder, and means for moving the sleeve to close the passageway to the port and sequentially move the valve into the ,ring member to close the interstice be' tween the'v sleeve and the ring during the period of development of pressure within the engine cylinder and to thereafter sequentially move the valve and then the sleeve to open the passageway to the cylinder.

3. A valve mechanism for use with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine having a head and an intake passageway including a port opening tothe cylinder, comprising a sleeve slidably mounted i-n the head in axial alignment with the port, a ring member mounted in the port in spaced relation and in alignment with the sleeve, a valve reciprocable in the sleeve, mechanism for moving lthe sleeve to engagement withA the ring member and to sequentially move the valveto bridge the interstice between the sleeve and the ring member, mechanism for causing movement of the sleeveV and valve in timed relationship in respect tothe piston movement to open the port and permit flow of gases to the cylinder on the intake movement thereof, and `to close the port to thepajslsageway during the compression and the firing of' the gases.

jlmechanism for use with the cylinnd exhaust ports of an internal comlme having a head, an intake passageway therein including a port opening to the cylinder, and an exhaust passageway including 4a. port opening to the cylinder, said valve mechanism comprising a sleeve slidably mounted in the head in ax lalignment with the respective port, a ring men'ib'er mounted in the port in alignment with the respective sleeve, va cylindrical valve reciproca'il'e" `in the sleeve, and mechanism for sleeve and valve to open and close the respectivelpo'rts intimed relation to permit the x introductionlof gases in the cylinder and the sequential compression of the introduced' gases, firing. and exhausting of the burned gases.`

5. A valve mechanism for an internal combustion engine having a head including a passageway1`foiigases and an opening between the passagewaya'id the cylinder, comprising a sleeve reciprocable'in the head, a ring member in the said opening in alignment with the sleeve, spring means tending to move the sleeve outwardly to open the passageway and a spring means tending to move the valve outwardly in the sleeve, and mechanism for sequentially moving the sleeve and-thevalve to eil'ect closing or the opening of the poi-t to the cylinder in timed relation to the piston movement.

6. A valve mechanism for controlling the in..

' in timed relation with the movement of the sleeve take port of an internal combustion engine including an intake manifold having a cylindrical opening between a wall thereof and the cylinder and an axially aligned cylindrical opening in the opposite wall, comprising a sleeve reciprocable in the last named cylindrical opening, spring means tending to move the sleeve outwardly in respect to its opening, a valve of cylindrical form reciprocable in the sleeve, spring means tending to move the valve outwardly of the sleeve, and cam means operable to cause movement of the sleeve and the valve in sequential relation to close the port during the period of development lof pressure in the cylinder and to open the. port to the manifold on the intake movement of the piston.

thereof and the cylinder and a cylindrical openy ing in its opposite wall in axial alignment with the iirst named opening, comprising. a sleeve reciprocable in the last named cylindrical opening, spring means tending tomove the sleeve outwardly in respect to the opening, a valve of cylindrical form reciprocable in the sleeve, a. stem for the valve, spring means on the said stem tending to move the valve outwardly of the sleeve, a ring like element in the rst named manifold opening to the cylinder aligned with the sleeve, means for moving the sleeve against the tension of its spring to engagement with the ring to closel the manifold opening to the cylinder, and means for sequentially moving the valve inwardly of the sleeve against the tension of its spring into the ring seat for the sleeve to thereby close the opening of the manifold to the cylinder.

8. A valve mechanism for controlling the exhaust port of an internal combustion engine including a manifold having a cylindrical opening between a Wall thereof and the cylinder and an axially aligned cylindrical opening in the opposite wall, comprising a sleeve reciprocable in the to the last named cylindrical opening, a valve of cylindrical form reciprocable in the sleeve in sealed relation therewith, spring means tending to move the valve outwardly of the sleeve, and cam means operable to cause movement of the sleeve and the valve in sequential relation in respect to the opening to seal the port from the manifold during the period of development of pressure in the cylinder and to open the port to the manifold during the period of the exhaust stroke of the piston.

9. A valve for use in controlling the port of an internal combustion engine having a reciprocable piston, a manifold including'a port providing for ow of gases to or from the engine cylinder and said manifold having kan opening to the cylinder, comprising, a sleeve.supported in the manifold in axial alignment with the port and movable to position to seal the port to the manifold or to 

